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The Moguls
The Moghul empire is generally said to have been established at the end of the first quarter of the 15th century by Babur, but almost all the "Moghul" carpets that remain seem to be not older than very late 16th century or early 17th century.

The "Moghul" attribution is difficult since Humayan, (Babur's grandson) was exiled to Persia for a period and when he returned (1555) he brought several famous Persian painters and this is how the "Moghul" school of art (which includes the rugs) was established. Because of its explicit sources in Persian art and because similar rugs were being woven contemporaneously in Persia and India and in Herat, there is always a question about how to demonstrate that a rug is actually Moghul. Moghul indicators are often seen to include rugs: with red ground field and green ground borders, extremely detailed and naturalistic drawing of plant forms in the designs, particular lattice designs, close shades of a similar color used side by side, a distinctive color palette (although lac dyes are not conclusive since they were also used in Persia beginning at least in the 17th century), animal designs with Indian animals and one set "grotesque" animal designs in which chains of naively, but realisticaly drawn animals are eating each other.

by R. John Howe

 

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